In recent years, manifestations of climate change have become increasingly evident in Baku and other cities of Azerbaijan. Rising air temperatures, unstable precipitation patterns, and an increase in extreme weather events affect both the daily lives of urban residents and economic activities.
In a comment to Informator.az, geographer and PhD in Geography Hasan Nabiyev, referring to studies conducted at the Institute of Geography, noted that the increasing frequency of warming processes and unstable weather conditions is directly related to atmospheric processes:
“During the period 2019–2030, an increase in solar activity and, consequently, a higher recurrence of meridional processes have been observed, which is one of the main causes of climate variability. One of the reasons for unstable weather in Baku is also the significant alteration of the city’s micro-relief. In particular, the rise in the number of high-rise buildings and the lack of consideration of climatic factors, especially wind patterns, during their construction, contribute to the intensification of such changes. Small distances between buildings significantly increase wind speed, while tall structures promote increased precipitation and foggy conditions.”
According to him, intense rainfall causes substantial damage to urban infrastructure, leading to flooding, malfunctions in sewage systems, and a decrease in their drainage capacity. However, such situations can be used efficiently—for example, by collecting excess rainwater and using it for practical purposes.
“It is impossible to prevent natural phenomena, but their negative effects can be significantly reduced. Dry conditions are one of the main factors affecting ecosystems. Therefore, when landscaping, drought-resistant trees and shrubs should be used. Measures should be taken to protect the environment and reduce carbon emissions into the atmosphere. It is important to reduce vehicle exhaust emissions and to pay particular attention to the use of electric transport.”
The scientist also emphasized that humans are capable of adapting to environmental changes; however, extreme weather conditions negatively impact quality of life:
“Extreme heat or cold adversely affects health. Strong winds make movement very difficult. On such days, people must be able to protect themselves, especially those who are meteorologically sensitive. In conditions of extremely high or low temperatures, people should adjust their behavior according to the current weather.”
City resident Aydan Eskerkhanly also shared her observations:
“In recent years, I have clearly felt the climate changes in the city. Summers have become longer and much hotter, while winters either suddenly become very cold or unexpectedly mild. Precipitation is also unstable—sometimes there is no rain for months, and at other times, heavy downpours occur in a short period, causing problems on the streets. This affects both health and daily life. Personally, I try to save water, use public transportation whenever possible, and in summer, I adopt methods to maintain coolness at home to reduce energy consumption. I believe that if everyone behaves responsibly, even to a small extent, the overall impact can be significant.”
